Friday, June 13, 2014

     Talking about individualist, there must be a lot of individualists in every American history era. Now, I am going to talk about the midcentury voices era. Midcentury voice is an era between 1930-1960 which is known by its several unforgettable events, such as Great Depression and World War 2. Let me sum up, the things that happened in the Midcentury era which led people to create some unique works.

     In the early year of 1930, the stock market is well known by the people as the symbol of American prosperity. Then, in October 29, the stock market suffered The Great Crash which the New York Times described it as something that happened really fast and caused confusion to the people. The Great Crash managed to devastate the economy, the nation and the people for a long time and counted as one of the dramatic moments in an evolving global economic crisis. In 1929 to 1932, the economic depression followed the Great Crash incident. The economic depression, which commonly known as the Great Depression, happened during President Herbert Hoover’s time and caused destruction to the nation financial area. In 1933, the Great Depression caused 13 to 15 billion people in America unemployed and responsible in making half of the nation’s bank failed to operate. After Hoover, the Americans elected Franklin Delano Roosevelt as their president. Roosevelt had his ways to save the nation from the economic crisis. He began to create programs, for instance Work Progress Administration and Civilian Conservation Corps to act as an emergency in the nation’s economy sectors. Roosevelt also strengthened the public confidence by giving speech for the American in a radio which at that time known as “fireside chats”.

     Aside from the Great Depression, World War 2 came to America’s doorstep. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese succeeded in bombing the Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Soon, 3 years after that, the Japanese declare their surrender after the bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In 1950, many authors described and defined that era which they were living by contributing their works. Some of their works consisted of novels, such as J.D Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye, Saul Bellow’s The Adventure of Augie March, and Sloan Wilson’s The Man in the Grey Flannel Suit.

     Ralph Waldo Ellison, who was also one of the authors, was an American novelist. His finest novel, “The Invisible Man”, received many awards and has been known in the face of society up to recently. Aside from his best-selling novel, “February” is one of the short stories which were written by Ellison. 

     “February” is a short story that describes a man decision to escape his problems from the city and head to the woods. In the woods, the author feels like he finds his sanctuary, his peace where he can clean his mind. The author takes the path of being alone with nobody around him to accompany him in his escape. In his escape to find clarity, he finds the woods a beautiful place unlike the city and spends 3 months living there without a home.

“Unemployed, tired of reading, and weary of grieving the loss of my mother, I’d gone into the woods to forget.”

     This passage shows the reasons why the author decides to have a journey through the woods. Factors that bother him and keep his head full can no longer be hold, so he wants to have a clear mind.

“For I was in my early twenties then, and I had lived through my mother’s death in that strange city, had survived three months off the fields and woods by my gun; through ice and snow and homelessness.”

     The author describes how his solitude makes him stronger as he has successfully overcome the grief for his mother’s death. Living 3 months in an open forest with only just a gun with him is hard, yet he manages to survive alone. His individualism builds his character and helps him in forgetting his problems.

     I think that his individualism leads him to find his peace. Most people in America or even the world believe that individualism cannot bring benefit because being in solitude does not solve the problem. Ellison proofs that not all people need someone to help them get through their obstacle sometime what people need is just to be alone. In his era, his reasons to be alone in the woods are mostly because of his trouble in the city and his mother’s death.
 

Barrasmara

Sources:
http://www.history.com/topics/great-depression
http://www.gradesaver.com/author/ralph-ellison/

A Rose for Emily and Individualism

     A Rose for Emily is one of William Faulkner’s writings in midcentury voices (1930) that indicates the characteristic of individualism of American society. Emily as the major character of the story is considered as an individualist person. It can be seen from her behavior in the story, such as refusing the change of society around her and refusing to open up her life with the society.

“When the next generation, with its more modern ideas, became mayors and aldermen, this arrangement created some little dissatisfaction. On the first of the year they mailed her a tax notice. February came, and there was no reply. They wrote her a formal letter, asking her to call the sheriff’s office at her convenience. A week later the mayor wrote her himself, offering to call or to send his car for her, and received in reply a note on paper of an archaic shape, in a thin, flowing calligraphy in faded ink, to the effect that she no longer went out at all. The tax notice was also enclosed, without comment.”

(Section I, paragraph 3, A Rose for Emily).

     From the quotation above, it can be inferred that Emily doesn’t welcome the society in her life by avoiding the sheriff who always tries to contact her in asking about the tax. The reason why the sheriff keeps looking on her is because Emily refuses to pay the tax. The individualist side from Emily can be found in this case. Emily may not feel her freedom if she needs to pay the tax. That’s why she decides to ignore the sheriff and the tax.

“Then the newer generation became the backbone and the spirit of the town, and the painting pupils grew up and fell away and did not send their children to her with boxes of color and tedious brushes and pictures cut from the ladies’ magazines. The front door closed upon the last one and remained closed for good. When the town got free postal delivery, Miss Emily alone refused to let them fasten the mental numbers above her door and attach a mailbox to it. She would not listen to them.”

(Section IV, paragraph 8, A Rose for Emily).

     The beginning of the second quotation depicts how the situation of the society has changed. However, Emily doesn’t care about the society changes. A phrase “the door closed” in this quotation may function as a figurative language which is metaphor. It implies the meaning that Emily refuses to open up her life with the society. She prefers to live in loneliness. This case is also included the characteristic of individualist.

     In A Rose of Emily, it is also shown that being an individualist can lead a person to have an abnormal and unreasonable behavior. Emily is a woman who has more power in controlling the relationship. In the story, Emily has a partner which is Homer Barron. Emily kills Homer with poison, arsenic. Instead of burying the dead body of Homer, Emily keeps the dead body and puts it on her bed.  

     I think in that period of time which was 1930, William Faulkner defined individualism as something which was not common in the society, so it made other people became curious with an individualist person. Moreover, William Faulkner implicitly revealed that being an individualist might have caused dangerous thing to the person by doing or behave something unusual in normal human.

Tiffany Vinka Villa

Walden: Individualism During the New Nation

“We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness....” The Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson in Congress, July 4, 1776

     What Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence is right that every men, actually human, are created equally and they have the rights to pursuit better life, liberty, and happiness. That’s the things that philosophers and writers did during the midst of 18th century. Affected by American Revolution and The Enlightenment in Europe, men started to think about their own independence. Individualism as a part of Romanticism and Transcendentalism movement was growing rapidly in the New Nation era.

     Individualism in this era was not being full of their selves and did not care of the other, but about being their true self and follow their heart. This kind of individualism focused on personal experience, institution, the splendors of nature, and love of one’s country find their way and into poetry and prose. That’s why Henry David Thoreau wrote Walden, aside from his mourning to his brother’s death, Thoreau wanted to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life.

“I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan like as to put rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into  corner and reduce it to its lowest terms.” Walden; or, Life in the Woods, Henry David Thoreau

     Being Individualist in this era means that a man should grasp the essence of life as much as possible, to live in simplicity without any thought of material. He did not have to follow how the tradition functions if it is not convenient with his life purpose. Man can see life in a simple way, without any complex laws that imprison man’s freedom. The form of individualism are various in this era. Ralph Waldo Emerson, one of an individualist and person who influenced Thoreau, said in his prose Self-Reliance that being individualist means that a man should work for his own satisfaction, not because of other person or society.

     Being Individualist does not mean that a man must cut his relationship with the society, Individualist can live in the society without generalize himself. Thoreau, even though he secluded himself from the world of material, he did not cut his relationship with other people. He even visited his relations as often as he could. The important thing of being Individualist, according to Thoreau, is that a man has to live life to the fullest, do not waste time to live in complex world because time passes quickly. Nature already provides a life with simplicity that can fulfill man needs. This way of live is actually better than a live just to gain material and ascendancy.

“Time never passes so quickly and unaccountably as when I am engaged in composition, i.e. in writing down my thoughts. Clocks seem to have been put forward.” Henry David Thoreau.


Nurul Fajriyati

References:
Glencoe Literature. 2002. American Literature -Interactive Student Edition. United States: McGraw-Hill Companies
Cassel, Seth. 2007. Enlightened Individualism in America During 1800-1855. http://www.flamingnet.com/bookreviews/resources/essays_bookreviews/history1.cfm (June 14, 2014)

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